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Long peripheral catheters in children: A scoping review
Alina G Burek1,2, Tracey Liljestrom1,2, Melanie Dundon1,2
1Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Journal of Hospital Medicine
|September 27, 2022
Summary
Long peripheral catheters (LPCs) show promise for pediatric vascular access, offering longer dwell times than peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs). Further research is needed to establish optimal use and safety in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric vascular access devices
- Medical device effectiveness and safety
- Evidence synthesis and scoping reviews
Background:
- Long peripheral catheters (LPCs) are emerging devices for short-to-medium term vascular access.
- Adult data suggest LPCs offer longer dwell times than peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) and fewer complications than peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs).
- The role and safety of LPCs in pediatric populations remain less established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review of the existing literature on the effectiveness and safety of LPCs in pediatric patients.
- To synthesize current evidence regarding LPC use in children.
- To identify gaps in knowledge for future research.
Main Methods:
- Adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.
- Comprehensive literature searches across multiple databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar) up to February 2022.
- Inclusion criteria: English language, published from 2000 onwards, patients under 18 years of age.
Main Results:
- Twenty-one studies were included, exhibiting variability in quality and outcomes.
- Median dwell times for LPCs ranged from 5 to 14 days.
- Common complications included dislodgement, occlusion, and infiltration (0%-31%); venous thromboembolism rates were 0%-13%. Catheter-related bloodstream infection rates were low (0% in 9/10 studies).
- Therapy completion rates varied widely (20%-86%).
Conclusions:
- Long peripheral catheters demonstrate potential benefits in pediatric populations, including extended dwell times compared to PIVs.
- LPCs may offer a safer alternative to PICCs regarding serious complications, though further evidence is required.
- Additional research is necessary to define optimal utilization and safety profiles of LPCs in pediatric care.
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