Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

382
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
382
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.0K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.0K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.5K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.5K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

12.3K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
12.3K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

148.0K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
148.0K
Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

19.1K
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
19.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamic Isonicotinohydrazide Single Crystals With Tunable Properties via Mechanochemical Cocrystallization.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2026
Same author

Underlying charge-transfer mechanism of visible light emission in guanine crystals.

Communications chemistry·2025
Same author

Beyond serendipity: uncovering novel ratiometric urea·24DHBA cocrystals through mechanochemistry and MicroED.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Light-Driven Vibration and Liquefaction of Flexible and Naturally Bent Single Crystals.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Are spodium bonds directional?

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2024
Same author

Tuning of a Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework by Liquid-Assisted Mechanosynthesis between Trans-Aconitic Acid and Isonicotinamide.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

5.8K

Polymorphs with Remarkably Distinct Physical and/or Chemical Properties.

Binoy K Saha1, Naba K Nath2, Ranjit Thakuria3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|September 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Crystal polymorphism, the existence of different crystal structures for the same compound, significantly impacts material properties. Understanding and controlling crystal forms is crucial for materials science and pharmaceuticals.

Keywords:
Material SciencePharmaceutical MaterialPolymorphismStructure-property CorrelationSupramolecular Interaction

More Related Videos

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.1K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 27, 2025

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

5.8K
A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.1K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state science
  • Materials science
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Medicinal chemistry

Background:

  • Polymorphism in crystals, first observed in 1822, is now common, with ~37% of compounds exhibiting it.
  • The advent of technologies like single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) has facilitated the study of crystal polymorphism.
  • Polymorphic forms have very similar energies, making them susceptible to changes in crystallization conditions and difficult to control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phenomenon of polymorphism in crystals.
  • To highlight the significant impact of polymorphism on various material properties.
  • To underscore the importance of polymorphism in materials science and pharmaceutical industries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on crystal polymorphism.
  • Discussion of the influence of polymorphism on diverse material properties.
  • Exploration of applications in materials science and pharmaceuticals.

Main Results:

  • Polymorphism significantly alters material properties, including electrical, magnetic, optical (SHG, luminescence, color), thermal, and mechanical characteristics.
  • Control over polymorphism remains a challenge in crystal engineering due to the close energy of different forms.
  • The crystal structure, not just molecular structure, dictates material properties.

Conclusions:

  • Crystal polymorphism is a critical factor influencing material properties across various scientific disciplines.
  • Further research into controlling and understanding polymorphism is essential for advancements in materials science and drug development.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers in supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and medicinal chemistry.