Factors Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study

Background Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40 and 75 years and with a duration of the evolution of diabetes that is greater than five years admitted in endocrinology consultation of the Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. For each patient, we collected clinical characteristics and biological assessments. All subjects provided screening test results as defined by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results We included a total of 100 patients with diabetes between May and September 2021. The median age of the patients was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR): 59-70 years), 65% were males, and the median duration of diabetes was 15 years (IQR: 9-20 years). The most common cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were hypertension (72.7%) and dyslipidemia (53%). The most common complications of diabetes were peripheral neuropathy (50%), diabetic retinopathy (DR) (39%), peripheral artery disease (33%), and coronary artery disease (27%). Cognitive impairment was present in 47.5% of our patients. For the multivariate analysis, we found that the decrease in the MMSE score is associated with the increase in age (p-value = 0.004) and the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (p-value < 0.001), dyslipidemia (p-value = 0.006), and elevated creatinine (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion It is necessary to consider the cognitive decline of patients with diabetes as one of the most important complications of this disease because of its impact on the evolution and compliance of these patients.