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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
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Pediatric Sigmoid Volvulus: A Report on Two Cases.

Varsha Madhavnarayan Totadri1, Rishwanth Vetri1, Surabhi Sainath1

  • 1General Surgery, Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.

Cureus
|September 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Sigmoid volvulus, a rare cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction, occurs when the sigmoid colon twists. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent life-threatening complications like gangrene and septic shock.

Keywords:
coffee bean signcoloanal anastomosisidiopathic pediatric sigmoid volvuluslarge bowel obstructionnormoganglionicpaediatric intestinal obstructionredundant sigmoid colonsigmoid volvulussigmoidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sigmoid volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction in children.
  • It involves the twisting of the sigmoid colon around its mesentery, leading to obstruction and potential vascular compromise.

Observation:

  • This report details two pediatric cases of sigmoid volvulus with redundant sigmoid colon in South India.
  • Predisposing factors include Hirschsprung's disease, congenital colon fixation issues, and chronic constipation.

Findings:

  • The pediatric patients presented with symptoms indicative of large bowel obstruction due to sigmoid colon twisting.
  • The cases highlight the occurrence of sigmoid volvulus in a specific geographic region and demographic.

Implications:

  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications, including bowel gangrene, perforation, septic shock, and mortality.
  • Early recognition and intervention are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric sigmoid volvulus.