A retrospective study of factors affecting mortality in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection

Complicated intraabdominal infection (cIAI) is a widespread infection of intraabdominal organs and it has a high mortality rate. Patients might present with various factors affecting the prognosis of this condition. This study aims to analyze the various factors of cIAI patients and to find their association with mortality during the treatment in hospitals.

A cross-sectional retrospective single-center study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 using 265 patients' medical records at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Various data regarding patient factors at the time of admission were recorded and analyzed to find the association with mortality during treatment. Chi-square and logistic regression test were used to verify our hypothesis statistically.

The patient factors in this study were predominantly male patients (65.3%), younger age (86.4%), cIAI caused by appendicitis (35.5%), and normal nutritional status (73.2%). The overall mortality rate during treatment in this study was 34.7%. Five factors were significantly associated with mortality in cIAI patients during treatment (p<0.05), which are: older than 65 years old (OR: 2.85; 95% CI 1.11-7.31), having comorbid disease (OR: 7.92; 95% CI 2.05-30.63), septic shock on admission (OR: 5.56; 95% CI 2.40-12.91), treatment duration more than 3 days (OR: 2.52; 95% CI 1.24-5.15), and SOFA score more than 2 points (OR: 12.14; 95% CI 2.70-54.72).

Patient factors including age, comorbid disease, septic shock on admission, treatment duration, and SOFA score were significantly associated with the incidence of mortality during the treatment in cIAI patients.