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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Ultraviolet radiation and the human eye.

Carlos Yuji Nunomura1, Sidney Julio de Faria E Sousa2

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Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia
|September 28, 2022
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Summary

This review examines ultraviolet radiation's (UVR) effects on the eye, covering its classification, environmental exposure, and ocular impacts. It details UVR penetration, toxicity, associated diseases, and protective measures like artificial eye filters.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Environmental Health
  • Photobiology

Background:

  • Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses significant risks to ocular health.
  • Understanding UVR's interaction with the eye is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the current knowledge on the effects of UVR on the human eye.
  • To consolidate information on UVR classification, exposure, and ocular consequences.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Analysis of existing research on UVR effects on ocular structures.
  • Synthesis of data on environmental UVR levels and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • UVR is classified based on wavelength, with varying environmental levels.
  • UVR penetrates ocular tissues, causing toxicity to structures like the cornea, lens, and retina.
  • Specific morbidities are linked to UVR exposure, and certain conditions increase eye vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial eye filters can mitigate UVR damage.
  • Further research and public awareness are needed to minimize UVR-induced ocular diseases.