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Pain

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.

Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 27, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

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Functional brain reconfiguration during sustained pain.

Jae-Joong Lee^1,2, Sungwoo Lee^1,2,3, Dong Hee Lee^1,2,3

¹Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

|September 29, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain networks dynamically change during sustained pain. Initially, somatosensory and frontoparietal regions form a pain network, which later shifts to include cerebellar areas as pain subsides, aiding pain prediction.

Keywords:

Pain fMRI functional connectivity human network community neuroscience predictive modeling

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Published on: January 5, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pain Research
Brain Network Analysis

Background:

Pain perception involves complex interactions across multiple brain systems.
Understanding the temporal dynamics of functional brain networks during pain is crucial but remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate time-varying changes in functional brain networks during capsaicin-induced sustained orofacial pain.
To explore the dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks associated with pain intensity fluctuations.

Main Methods:

Utilized functional brain network analysis over a 20-minute period of sustained orofacial pain induced by capsaicin.
Applied machine-learning models to predict pain experience based on identified network features.
Validated findings across two independent datasets (n = 48 and n = 74).

Main Results:

Early pain stages showed integration of orofacial somatomotor cortex with subcortical and frontoparietal regions.
As pain decreased, these regions disengaged and connected with cerebellar regions.
Machine learning models accurately predicted pain experience changes based on these dynamic network features.

Conclusions:

The study reveals dynamic interactions within brain systems that construct and modulate pain experience.
Identified specific network reconfigurations associated with the temporal course of sustained pain.
Advances mechanistic understanding of sustained pain processing and its modulation.