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Spanking and Corporal Punishment Parenting Practices and Child Development: A Systematic Review
Marina Dias Macedo de Melo Avezum1, Elisa Rachel Pisani Altafim1, Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares1
1University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Trauma, Violence & Abuse
|September 30, 2022
Summary
Maternal spanking and corporal punishment are linked to negative child behavior and development outcomes. This systematic review highlights the pervasive negative associations found in 94% of reviewed studies on early childhood.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Family Studies
Background:
- Violence against children is a critical issue impacting early development.
- Spanking and corporal punishment are common parenting practices globally.
- Existing research indicates negative consequences, but further systematic review is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review empirical studies on maternal spanking and corporal punishment.
- To examine associations with child behavior and development in early childhood (0-6 years).
- To synthesize findings on the impact of these parenting practices.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, APA PsycNet, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS).
- Keywords included terms for physical punishment and child development/behavior.
- Inclusion criteria: quantitative studies on maternal physical punishment and 0-6 year olds, published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese.
Main Results:
- 94% of reviewed studies found significant negative associations between maternal spanking/corporal punishment and child outcomes.
- These associations were observed concurrently and later in development.
- Maternal physical practices mediated or moderated developmental and behavioral problems.
Conclusions:
- Maternal spanking and corporal punishment are consistently linked to adverse child behavior and development.
- These practices represent a significant risk factor in early childhood.
- Further research and intervention strategies are warranted to address these harmful parenting practices.
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