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Iodine speciation in deep eutectic solvents.

Jennifer M Hartley1, Sean Scott1, Zarfishan Dilruba1

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iodine speciation in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was investigated, revealing distinct iodine species (I2Cl-, I3-, and I2) dependent on the hydrogen bond donor. Metal oxidation correlated with these species and solvent properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Iodine acts as an electrocatalyst for metal digestion in deep eutectic solvents (DESs).
  • Limited understanding exists regarding iodine speciation and reactivity in high-chloride DES media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate iodine speciation in various DESs with different hydrogen bond donors (HBDs).
  • To examine the effect of iodine concentration on speciation.
  • To correlate metal oxidation with iodine speciation and HBD properties.

Main Methods:

  • Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the iodine K-edge.
  • UV-vis spectroscopy for speciation confirmation.
  • Electrochemical measurements.
  • Metal leaching experiments.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct iodine speciation groups were identified: mixed I2Cl-/I3- (glycol, lactic acid), mixed I3-/I2 (oxalic acid, urea), and singular I3- (levulinic acid).
  • Iodine concentration (0.01–0.5 mol dm-3) influenced speciation.
  • Iodine redox behavior remained consistent across different speciation states.
  • Metal oxidation was influenced by iodine speciation, HBD reactivity, and coordination ability.

Conclusions:

  • Iodine speciation in DESs is highly dependent on the choice of hydrogen bond donor.
  • Metal digestion efficiency is a complex interplay between iodine speciation and the solvent's chemical environment.
  • EXAFS and UV-vis spectroscopy are effective tools for characterizing iodine speciation in DESs.