[Early diagnosis of urogenital tumors]

The early diagnosis of primary urogenital tumors shows varying efficacy regarding the various tumor types. While the urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis, the ureter and the bladder reveal early symptoms such as hematuria hypernephroma, urethral carcinoma and carcinomas of the prostate and the testes remain clinically silent for a long time. Thus early diagnosis of carcinomas of the prostate or the testes might only be made by palpation at best. Aside from cytologic examination of the urinary tract, there are no other laboratory techniques at hand to give clear evidence of early tumor stages. The possibilities of early recognition of hypernephroma, carcinomas of the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or urethra, and carcinomas of the penis, testes, and prostate are demonstrated and compared with each other in respect of their specificity.