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Nano-scale collinear multi-Q states driven by higher-order interactions.

Mara Gutzeit1, André Kubetzka2, Soumyajyoti Haldar1

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Complex magnetic interactions in a 2D material create nano-scale magnetic states. Frustrated exchange and higher-order interactions stabilize these states, revealing new possibilities for magnetic textures.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Complex magnetic order emerges from competing interactions between magnetic moments.
  • Interactions like Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) induce non-collinear order, while frustration drives order to the nano-scale.
  • Multi-Q states are 2D magnetic textures stabilized by multiple spin interactions as zero-field ground states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate atomic-scale magnetic phases in a two-dimensional itinerant magnet.
  • To understand the stabilization mechanisms of nano-scale magnetic states.
  • To explore the role of competing interactions, including frustrated exchange and higher-order interactions, in stabilizing magnetic order.

Main Methods:

  • Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) was used to observe magnetic states.
  • First-principles calculations were performed to understand the underlying physics.
  • An atomistic spin model was developed to simulate and analyze magnetic interactions.

Main Results:

  • Several zero-field uniaxial and hexagonal nano-scale magnetic states were observed.
  • These states are stabilized by the interplay of frustrated exchange and higher-order interactions.
  • The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) was found to be weak.
  • Higher-order interactions were shown to stabilize both non-collinear and collinear nano-scale multi-Q states.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a two-dimensional itinerant magnet exhibiting diverse atomic-scale magnetic phases.
  • Frustrated exchange and higher-order interactions are key to stabilizing nano-scale magnetic states, including multi-Q states.
  • The findings expand the understanding of complex magnetic order and its stabilization mechanisms in low-dimensional materials.