Energy-growth hypothesis: testing non-linearity by considering production function approach for Spanish economy

Targeting output growth is among one of the prime concerns of any economy in both the developing and developed world. Energy utilization and exports are important drivers that would help in boosting production activities in any economy. Therefore, beyond labor force and capital formation, exports and energy utilization can be among the important inputs for accelerating economic growth in any economy. This research is conducted to investigate the linear impact of exports and the non-linear effect of energy consumption on economic growth considering the production function approach in the Spanish economy. After considering the bounds test for a period from 1980 to 2019, the study provides evidence of the inverted-U-shaped effect of energy consumption on economic growth. The findings also expose that exports, labor force and capital formation significantly accelerate economic growth in Spain. These findings are consistent with the diagnostics applied in the study. This research proposes that energy consumption should not be increased beyond a certain threshold for reaping the positive fruits of economic growth. Beyond that cutoff, it will become harmful to economic growth. Policy advisors may consider exports to target economic growth in Spain as it helps in expanding production activities in the Spanish economy.