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The association between dietary patterns and the risk of developing ulcerative colitis
Hajar Akbari1, Akbar Akbari2, Reza Ghiasvand1
1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Cente, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
|October 2, 2022
Summary
A healthy diet may lower ulcerative colitis (UC) risk, while traditional diets increase it. This study explored dietary patterns and their association with UC development.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Nutritional Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with increasing global incidence.
- Diet is recognized as a significant environmental factor influencing UC risk.
- Understanding the relationship between dietary patterns and UC is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between distinct dietary patterns and the risk of developing ulcerative colitis.
- To identify specific dietary habits that may either protect against or contribute to UC development.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed, including 81 UC patients and 163 healthy controls.
- Dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, categorized into 33 food groups.
- Factor analysis identified dietary patterns, and multivariable logistic regression analyzed their association with UC risk.
Main Results:
- Three major dietary patterns emerged: "western," "traditional," and "healthy."
- A "healthy" dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced odds of UC (OR=0.22).
- A "traditional" dietary pattern showed a significantly increased risk of UC (OR=4.67), while the "western" pattern had no significant association.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to a "healthy" diet may mitigate the risk of developing ulcerative colitis.
- Consumption of "traditional" dietary patterns, particularly in the Iranian context, appears to elevate UC risk.
- Further research into specific dietary components and their impact on UC pathogenesis is warranted.
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