Proton Pumping ATPases: Rotational Catalysis, Physiological Roles in Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, and Inhibitors

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Proton pumping ATPases (F-type and V/A-type) utilize rotational catalysis for energy conversion.
• While essential for ATP synthesis in mammals, their role in anaerobic bacteria was considered non-vital.
• Recent research indicates crucial non-energy-generating functions for these ATPases in oral pathogenic bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the rotational catalysis mechanism of bacterial F- and A-ATPases.
• To discuss the specific physiological roles of these ATPases in oral bacteria.
• To evaluate the efficacy of ATPase inhibitors against oral pathogens.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of existing literature on rotational catalysis and ATPase function.
• Focus on studies investigating F- and A-ATPase roles in oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
• Review of data on the impact of phytopolyphenols and bedaquiline on bacterial growth.

Main Results:

• F-ATPase is critical for acid tolerance in Streptococcus mutans.
• A-ATPase facilitates nutrient import in Porphyromonas gingivalis.
• Inhibitors like phytopolyphenols and bedaquiline significantly impede the growth and survival of oral pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusions:

• Bacterial F- and A-ATPases possess unique physiological roles in oral pathogens beyond ATP synthesis.
• The rotational catalysis mechanism is conserved but adapted for specific functions.
• Proton pumping ATPases represent promising therapeutic targets for novel oral antimicrobial agents.