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COVID-19: Clinical status of vaccine development to date
Sunny Kumar1, Malini Basu2, Pratyasha Ghosh3
1Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India.
Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 is a complicated disease. Clinicians are continuously facing difficulties to treat infected patients using the principle of repurposing of drugs as no specific drugs are available to treat COVID-19. To minimize the severity and mortality, global vaccination is the only hope as a potential preventive measure. After a year-long global research and clinical struggle, 165 vaccine candidates have been developed and some are currently still in the pipeline. A total of 28 candidate vaccines have been approved for use and the remainder are in different phases of clinical trials. In this comprehensive report, the authors aim to demonstrate, classify and provide up-to-date clinical trial status of all the vaccines discovered to date and specifically focus on the approved candidates. Finally, the authors specifically focused on the vaccination of different types of medically distinct populations.
Insights
Global COVID-19 vaccination efforts are crucial for minimizing disease severity and mortality. This report details the status of 165 vaccine candidates, focusing on approved vaccines and their use in diverse populations.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents treatment challenges due to a lack of specific antiviral drugs.
- Drug repurposing has been explored, but global vaccination remains the primary preventive strategy against severe disease and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review and classify all discovered COVID-19 vaccine candidates.
- To provide an updated status of clinical trials for these vaccines, with a specific focus on approved candidates.
- To examine the vaccination of medically distinct populations.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of global vaccine research and development.
- Classification of vaccine candidates based on development stage and type.
- Analysis of clinical trial data and approval status.
- Focus on vaccination strategies for diverse patient groups.
Main Results:
- 165 COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed globally.
- 28 vaccine candidates have received approval for use, with others in various clinical trial phases.
- The report details the current status of these vaccines and their clinical trial progress.
Conclusions:
- Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure against COVID-19.
- The report provides a critical overview of the vaccine landscape, aiding informed decision-making.
- Understanding vaccine efficacy and deployment in specific populations is essential for global health strategies.
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