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Research Status of Mouse Models for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Antitumor Therapy of Traditional Chinese
Hongkui Chen1, Min Zheng2, Wenhui Zhang2,3
1Shanghai Lidebiotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China.
Abstract:
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known as one of the most lethal cancers, causing more than 1 million deaths annually worldwide. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic drugs for NSCLC has become an urgent need. Herein, various mouse models provide great convenience not only for researchers but also for the development of antitumor drug. Meanwhile, TCM, as a valuable and largely untapped resource pool for modern medicine, provides research resources for the treatment of various diseases. Until now, cell-derived xenograft (CDX) model, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, syngeneic model, orthotopic model, humanized mouse model (HIS), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been reported in TCM evaluation. This review shows the role and current status of kinds of mouse models in antitumor research and summarizes the application progress of TCM including extracts, formulas, and isolated single molecules for NSCLC therapy in various mouse models; more importantly, it provides a theoretical exploration of what kind of mouse models is ideal for TCM efficacy evaluation in future. However, there are still huge challenges and limitations in the development of mouse models specifically for the TCM research, and none of the available models are perfectly matching the characteristics of TCM, which suppress the tumor growth through various mechanisms, especially by regulating immune function. Nevertheless, with fully functional immune system existing in syngeneic model and humanized mouse model (HIS), it is still suggested that these two models are more suitable for development of TCM especially for TCM extracts or formulas. Moreover, continued efforts are needed to generate more reliable mouse models to test TCM formulas in future research.
Insights
Developing novel drugs for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial. This review explores various mouse models for evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) efficacy, highlighting syngeneic and humanized mouse models as most suitable for TCM development.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Background:
- Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, necessitating urgent development of new therapies.
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a rich resource for novel drug discovery and treatment strategies.
- Various mouse models are employed in preclinical research for evaluating anti-cancer drug efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current status and role of different mouse models in anti-cancer research, specifically for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) evaluation.
- To summarize the application of TCM (extracts, formulas, single molecules) in NSCLC therapy using various mouse models.
- To explore ideal mouse models for future TCM efficacy evaluation and identify challenges in their development.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on mouse models used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy.
- Analysis of different types of mouse models including CDX, PDX, syngeneic, orthotopic, HIS, and GEMMs.
- Evaluation of TCM efficacy based on reported studies in these models.
Main Results:
- Various mouse models (CDX, PDX, syngeneic, orthotopic, HIS, GEMMs) have been utilized for TCM evaluation in NSCLC.
- TCM extracts, formulas, and single molecules show therapeutic potential against NSCLC in these models.
- Syngeneic and humanized mouse models (HIS) with functional immune systems are suggested as more suitable for TCM development, particularly for extracts and formulas.
Conclusions:
- Existing mouse models have limitations in perfectly reflecting TCM's complex mechanisms, especially immune regulation.
- Syngeneic and humanized mouse models (HIS) show promise for evaluating TCM efficacy in NSCLC due to their immune components.
- Further development of reliable mouse models is essential for advancing TCM research and application in NSCLC treatment.
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