Ionic liquids vs. ethanol as extraction media of algicidal compounds from mango processing waste

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Chemistry
• Green Chemistry
• Phytochemistry

Background:

• Growing demand for environmentally safe pesticides and biocides.
• Fruit processing residues contain bioactive compounds with potential applications.
• Mango (Mangifera indica) residues are rich in mangiferin and hyperoside.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the algicidal potential of mango (Mangifera indica) fruit residue extracts.
• To optimize the extraction of mangiferin and hyperoside using ionic liquids (ILs).
• To evaluate the efficacy of these extracts against the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata.

Main Methods:

• Screening and optimization of aqueous ionic liquid solutions using Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology.
• Extraction of mangiferin and hyperoside from mango waste using various solvents, including ionic liquids and ethanolic mixtures.
• Algicidal activity testing of extracts and isolated compounds against Raphidocelis subcapitata.

Main Results:

• 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIm]Cl) demonstrated superior extraction of mangiferin and hyperoside compared to choline acetate and ethanolic extracts.
• Ethanol/water mango waste extracts exhibited significant growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata.
• An EC50 value of 0.015 mg L−1 was observed for the active compounds in the extract, indicating high potency.

Conclusions:

• Ionic liquids, particularly [C8MIm]Cl, are effective solvents for isolating bioactive compounds from mango waste.
• Mango residue extracts show promising algicidal activity, suitable for developing eco-friendly biocidal formulations.
• This approach offers a sustainable method for valorizing food processing waste into valuable bioproducts.