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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
Published on: November 10, 2023
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SARS-CoV-2 detection methods: A comprehensive review.
Galyah Alhamid1,2, Huseyin Tombuloglu1, Ali A Rabaan3
1Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
|October 3, 2022
Summary
Accurate COVID-19 diagnostic tests are crucial for controlling the pandemic. This review explores advanced molecular, immunoassay, and sensor-based methods for rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection, including Omicron variants.
Area of Science:
- Virology and Infectious Diseases
- Biotechnology and Diagnostic Technologies
- Public Health and Epidemiology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, necessitates rapid and accurate diagnostic testing for disease control.
- The gold standard, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), faces challenges in global demand, reagent availability, and evolving viral variants.
- There is a growing need for accessible, fast, accurate, and user-friendly diagnostic methods to manage the pandemic effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize recent advancements in SARS-CoV-2 detection methodologies.
- To analyze the limitations of current diagnostic approaches for COVID-19.
- To guide researchers, epidemiologists, and clinicians in selecting optimal diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2, including emerging variants like Omicron.
Main Methods:
- Molecular-based detection: RT-qPCR and RT-LAMP for nucleic acid detection.
- Immunological assays: ELISA, LFA, CLIA, and neutralization assays for antigen/antibody detection.
- Emerging technologies: Sensor-based platforms and CRISPR applications for rapid detection.
Main Results:
- Various molecular and immunological methods exist, each with specific sensitivities and applications.
- Newer technologies like sensor-based and CRISPR applications show promise for rapid and sensitive detection.
- The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, including variants like Omicron, requires continuous updates and validation of diagnostic methods.
Conclusions:
- The development of improved diagnostic tests is essential to combat the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
- A combination of molecular, immunological, and novel sensor-based approaches may offer comprehensive diagnostic solutions.
- Future research should focus on enhancing the speed, affordability, and accuracy of COVID-19 diagnostics to meet global health demands.
