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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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Mouse embryo phenotyping using X-ray microCT.

Stephan Handschuh1, Martin Glösmann1

  • 1VetCore Facility for Research / Imaging Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Microscopic X-ray computed tomography (microCT) provides high-resolution 3D imaging for biological samples. This non-destructive technique is crucial for detailed phenotyping in mouse development research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Developmental Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Microscopic X-ray computed tomography (microCT) is an ex vivo imaging technique.
  • It provides isotropic 3D images of biological samples at micron resolution.
  • MicroCT is non-destructive and compatible with correlative imaging workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize state-of-the-art protocols for microCT sample preparation and imaging.
  • To showcase contemporary applications of microCT in biological research.
  • To discuss potential pitfalls and artifacts in microCT imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Staining biological samples, particularly embryos, with X-ray dense contrast agents.
  • Acquisition of high-contrast, high-resolution 3D datasets using dedicated microCT setups.
Keywords:
X ray microtomographyfetusgrowth and developmentlaboratory animal modelsμCT

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  • Integration with light and electron microscopy for correlative analyses.

    • Main Results:

    • MicroCT enables detailed qualitative and quantitative phenotyping of mouse development.
    • Protocols allow for high sample throughput, increasing research efficiency.
    • Successful imaging of whole embryos and specific organ systems is demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • MicroCT is an invaluable tool for developmental biology and phenotyping.
    • Standardized protocols and understanding of artifacts are key for reliable results.
    • Future directions include microDECT and specialized contrast agents for advanced phenotyping.