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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 30, 2014

Risk Factors for Revision or Rerupture After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and

Di Zhao^1,2, Jian-Ke Pan^2,3, Fang-Zheng Lin^1,3

¹The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

|October 3, 2022

Summary

Revision or rerupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a significant concern. This review identified 15 risk factors, including male sex, younger age, and graft type, to help prevent further surgeries.

Keywords:

ACLR anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rerupture revision risk factors

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) rerupture or revision is a major complication impacting patient outcomes.
Identifying risk factors for ACLR failure is crucial for developing preventive strategies and reducing revision rates.

Approach:

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with revision or rerupture after ACLR.
Literature searches encompassed major databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, up to January 2022.
Quantitative studies reporting adjusted risk factors were included, with odds ratios (ORs) calculated for each factor.

Key Points:

Fifteen factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of revision or rerupture after ACLR.
These include demographic factors (male sex, younger age, White race), anatomical factors (higher posterolateral tibial slope, preoperative laxity), injury/treatment factors (concomitant MCL injury, graft type [hamstring tendon or allografts], smaller graft diameter), and activity-related factors (higher baseline activity, return to high-level sport, ACLR within one year of injury).
Lower body mass index (BMI) and family history were also identified as risk factors.

Conclusions:

Several modifiable and non-modifiable factors increase the risk of revision or rerupture after ACLR.
Clinical practitioners should prioritize awareness and implement targeted interventions for these identified risk factors to minimize the incidence of revision surgery.