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tRNA-Derived Small RNAs: Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Shuxin Wang1, Zhengyang Luo1, Ludong Yuan1
1Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
Abstract:
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with diverse functions in various diseases. Although research on tsRNAs has focused on their roles in cancer, such as gene expression regulation to influence cancer progression and realize clinical effects, a growing number of studies are investigating the association of tsRNAs with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary hypertension. tsRNA expression varies across these diseases and could be regulated by epigenetics, tsRNA structure, and tRNA-binding proteins. tsRNAs play key roles in CVD progression, including the regulation of protein synthesis, and the different mechanisms underlying these functional roles of tsRNAs have been elucidated. Furthermore, tsRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CVDs. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis, classification, and regulation of tsRNAs and their potential application for CVD diagnosis and therapy. We also highlight the current challenges and provide perspectives for further investigation.
Insights
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are emerging as key players in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review explores their roles, regulation, and potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for conditions like atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cardiology
Background:
- tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with established roles in cancer.
- Emerging research links tsRNAs to various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary hypertension.
- tsRNA expression is influenced by epigenetic factors, RNA structure, and protein interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biogenesis, classification, and regulation of tsRNAs.
- To elucidate the functional roles of tsRNAs in CVD progression, focusing on protein synthesis regulation.
- To explore the potential of tsRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CVDs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current research on tsRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
- Analysis of studies investigating tsRNA expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms in CVD contexts.
- Examination of evidence supporting tsRNA involvement in CVD pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.
Main Results:
- tsRNA expression profiles differ across various CVDs.
- tsRNAs regulate key processes in CVD progression, notably protein synthesis.
- Mechanisms underlying tsRNA functions in CVD are increasingly understood.
Conclusions:
- tsRNAs represent promising diagnostic biomarkers for CVDs.
- tsRNAs offer potential novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions.
- Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and fully leverage tsRNA applications in CVD.
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