Identifying And Exploring Bias In Public Opinion On Scarce Resource Allocation During The COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to examine public opinion regarding the allocation of scarce medical resources. In this conjoint experiment on a nationally representative sample of US adults, we examined how a range of patient characteristics affect respondents' willingness to allocate a ventilator between two patients with equal likelihood of short-term survival and how this differs by respondents' attributes. Respondents were 5.5 percentage points less likely to allocate a ventilator to a patient with a disability than to a nondisabled patient. Disability bias was correlated with older age cohorts and higher education levels of respondents. Liberal and moderate respondents were more likely to give a ventilator to Black and Asian patients than to White patients. Conservatives were much less likely to allocate a ventilator to transgender patients than to cisgender patients. These findings demonstrate the importance of bias mitigation and civil rights enforcement in health policy making, especially under conditions of scarcity.