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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.7K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.2K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.2K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
7.2K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.1K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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H3K18 lactylation marks tissue-specific active enhancers.

Eva Galle1, Chee-Wai Wong1, Adhideb Ghosh1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Genome Biology
|October 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Histone lactylation (H3K18la) marks active gene promoters and tissue-specific enhancers. This epigenetic modification links cellular metabolism to gene regulation across various cell types and tissues.

Keywords:
AdipocyteCUT&TagChromHMMEmbryonic stem cellEnhancerEpigeneticsH3K18laHistone post-translational modificationLactateLactylationMacrophageMusclePromoter

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP in Mouse T-cell Lines
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Histone lactylation is a newly identified histone post-translational modification.
  • It bridges cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation.
  • Its functional significance is currently under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate genome-wide datasets of H3K18la distribution.
  • To compare H3K18la profiles with other histone modifications and gene expression.
  • To elucidate the role of H3K18la in epigenetic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide profiling of H3K18la in mouse embryonic stem cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and skeletal muscle (mouse and human).
  • Comparative analysis with established histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me3) and gene expression data.
  • Bioinformatic analyses (supervised and unsupervised) to identify distribution patterns.

Main Results:

  • Global H3K18la distribution patterns resemble H3K27ac, with distinct differences observed.
  • H3K18la marks active promoters of highly expressed genes, including housekeeping genes, across multiple tissues.
  • H3K18la positively correlates with H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and gene expression levels.
  • Enrichment of H3K18la at active enhancers near functionally important genes was noted.

Conclusions:

  • H3K18la serves as a marker for active gene promoters.
  • H3K18la also functions as a mark for tissue-specific active enhancers.
  • These findings highlight H3K18la's role in linking metabolism to gene expression and tissue-specific functions.