Aschoff's rule on circadian rhythms orchestrated by blue light sensor CRY2 and clock component PRR9

Circadian pace is modulated by light intensity, known as the Aschoff's rule, with largely unrevealed mechanisms. Here we report that photoreceptor CRY2 mediates blue light input to the circadian clock by directly interacting with clock core component PRR9 in blue light dependent manner. This physical interaction dually blocks the accessibility of PRR9 protein to its co-repressor TPL/TPRs and the resulting kinase PPKs. Notably, phosphorylation of PRR9 by PPKs is critical for its DNA binding and repressive activity, hence to ensure proper circadian speed. Given the labile nature of CRY2 in strong blue light, our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for Aschoff's rule in plants, i.e., blue light triggers CRY2 turnover in proportional to its intensity, which accordingly releasing PRR9 to fine tune circadian speed. Our findings not only reveal a network mediating light input into the circadian clock, but also unmask a mechanism by which the Arabidopsis circadian clock senses light intensity.