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COVID-19 and Thrombosis: Clinical Aspects
Tetsumei Urano1,2, Atsushi Yasumoto3, Kenji Yokoyama4
1Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Current Drug Targets
|October 6, 2022
Summary
COVID-19 infection causes unique thromboses, including in critically ill patients, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for hospitalized patients to prevent severe complications.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
Background:
- COVID-19 pathogenesis involves vascular endothelial cell damage and cytokine storms, leading to unique thromboses.
- Thrombotic events are more prevalent in critically ill COVID-19 patients, manifesting as pulmonary thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and arterial thromboses.
- COVID-19 can trigger multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and myocarditis in young adults, characterized by cardiovascular inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of thrombosis in COVID-19.
- To discuss the implications of thrombosis on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other organ failures.
- To examine the cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric and adult populations, including vaccine side effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on COVID-19, thrombosis, ARDS, MIS-C, and myocarditis.
- Analysis of clinical data and case reports related to thrombotic and cardiovascular complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Evaluation of the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination regarding thrombotic and inflammatory side effects.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increases the risk of diverse thrombotic events, exacerbating ARDS and leading to organ failure.
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and acute myocarditis in young adults are recognized cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.
- While rare, serious side effects like vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and myocarditis can occur post-COVID-19 vaccination, but benefits outweigh risks.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is crucial for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to prevent thrombosis and organ damage.
- Understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular complications is vital for managing COVID-19 patients and post-vaccination surveillance.
- COVID-19 vaccination remains a critical public health measure, with benefits significantly outweighing the rare risks of adverse events.
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