[Parosmia and phantosmia: clinical update].

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Olfactory disorders gained public awareness due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Causes of smell dysfunction are diverse, including quantitative (e.g., anosmia, hyposmia) and qualitative types.
• Qualitative olfactory disorders, such as parosmia and phantosmia, are less understood than quantitative ones.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of the clinical knowledge regarding parosmia and phantosmia.
• To outline the current diagnostic workup for qualitative olfactory disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent clinical studies and guidelines.
• Synthesis of current understanding of pathophysiology and diagnosis.
• Focus on clinical presentation and diagnostic strategies.

Main Results:

• Parosmia and phantosmia represent significant qualitative olfactory dysfunctions.
• The clinical workup involves detailed patient history, smell testing, and sometimes imaging.
• Understanding the specific triggers and progression is crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and treatments for parosmia and phantosmia.
• Accurate diagnosis and management of these disorders are essential for improving patient quality of life.
• Increased awareness and structured workup can improve patient outcomes for qualitative olfactory dysfunction.