Online search strategies utilized in feigning attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while performing a...

Area of Science:

• Neuropsychology
• Psychological Assessment
• Digital Forensics

Background:

• Online availability of neuropsychological test information poses a threat to test confidentiality.
• This is particularly concerning for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) due to extensive online data.
• The study investigates how individuals attempting to simulate ADHD symptoms search for information online.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the online search strategies employed by simulators preparing for neuropsychological evaluations.
• To compare the search behaviors and detection rates of simulators against actual ADHD patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

• 39 simulators searched for information prior to a Continuous Performance Test (CPT).
• Simulators' search strategies were analyzed.
• Performance on the CPT was compared among simulators, ADHD patients (n=36), and healthy controls (n=38).

Main Results:

• Most simulators accessed high-risk websites with detailed test information (written and video).
• Sixty percent of simulators, primarily 3rd-year students, used Google Scholar.
• Students accessing academic sources were more easily identified as simulators, employing strategies like mimicking typical ADHD symptoms and avoiding atypical ones.

Conclusions:

• Simulators can readily access critical neuropsychological test data online.
• While higher education may facilitate access to research, it can paradoxically decrease the ability to convincingly feign impairment.
• The study underscores the need to acknowledge and mitigate the risks posed by websites to test security.