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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
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Tailored Skin Flaps for Hand Reconstruction.

Macarena Vizcay1,2, Giorgio Eugenio Pajardi1,2, Francesco Zanchetta1

  • 1Reconstructive Microsurgery Service, University Department of Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS MultiMedica Group Milan, Italy.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

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Clinical and esthetic outcomes of free toe pulp flaps for fingertip reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of flap survival.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2026
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Specialty representation and interdisciplinary collaboration in hand surgery research over four decades.

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume·2026
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Osteocutaneous free flaps for reconstruction of composite hand defects: A systematic review of clinical and functional outcomes.

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Exposing the Hidden Nail: Matrix-Sparing Secondary Exposure After Adipofascial Flap Reconstruction of Distal Fingertips.

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The Forgotten Healer: The Role of Adipose Tissue in Spontaneous Healing After Free Flap Finger Reconstruction.

Journal of personalized medicine·2026

This study presents a model for hand reconstruction using skin flaps, emphasizing both functional and aesthetic outcomes. It analyzed 99 patients, highlighting the effectiveness of various flap types for treating soft-tissue defects.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Acquired soft-tissue hand defects stem from trauma, infection, tumor resection, or burns.
  • Modern hand reconstruction prioritizes both functional restoration and aesthetic results.
  • Flap design evolution has significantly improved reconstructive capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a versatile model for treating diverse hand skin defects.
  • To leverage extensive experience with various skin flap techniques.
  • To optimize both functional and aesthetic outcomes in hand reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of patients undergoing skin flap reconstruction for hand defects.
  • Data collection from February 2019 to January 2022.

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  • Review of demographics, risk factors, trauma type, flap details, and complications.

    • Main Results:

    • Ninety-nine patients underwent skin flap reconstruction for hand trauma.
    • Free flaps constituted 90.9% of reconstructions; pedicle flaps, including propeller flaps, were also used.
    • Mean patient age was 43.9, with 87.9% males; follow-up ranged from 2 to 30 months.

    Conclusions:

    • A variety of skin flaps can achieve excellent functional and aesthetic results with minimal donor site morbidity.
    • The choice of flap should be individualized based on defect characteristics and patient preferences.
    • This study demonstrates a practical approach to complex hand defect reconstruction.