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Antimicrobial Effectiveness

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...

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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro

Published on: April 21, 2023

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Recent progress in antimicrobial applications.

Almotasem Bellah Younis^1,2, Yazan Haddad^1,2, Ludmila Kosaristanova^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology

|October 7, 2022

Summary

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles show antimicrobial properties against drug-resistant microbes, with UV light

Keywords:

TiO2 antibacterial bacteria drug resistance microorganisms nanomaterial

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Microbiology

Background:

Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a strategy against multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs exhibit well-known photo-induced antimicrobial properties under ultraviolet (UV) light.

Purpose of the Study:

To review modern methods and antimicrobial mechanisms of TiO2 NPs.
To explore modifications of TiO2 NPs for enhanced antimicrobial activity in biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on TiO2 NP antimicrobial properties.
Analysis of various evaluation techniques including minimum inhibitory concentration, cell count, and diffusion methods.

Main Results:

TiO2 NPs demonstrate antimicrobial features, though the role of UV light is debated.
In vitro studies, often with additional nanomaterials, show effectiveness against bacterial infections.
Cell count emerged as the dominant method for evaluating antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions:

TiO2 NPs hold potential for treating bacterial infections.
Modifications and hybrid materials can enhance antimicrobial efficacy.
Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and optimize in vivo applications.