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Stability Enhancement and Microstructural Modification of Ni-Rich Cathodes via Halide Doping.

Luqman Azhari1, Bryer Sousa1, Ridwan Ahmed1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts01609, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Elemental doping with lithium halide salts improves nickel-rich NMC811 cathodes. This anion doping enhances capacity retention and rate performance by stabilizing the cathode structure and interface.

Keywords:
Li-ion batteryLiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2X-ray photoelectron spectroscopyanion dopinghalogen doping

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Nickel-rich NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) cathode materials are crucial for high-energy-density batteries.
  • Modifying their surface and bulk chemistry is key to improving electrochemical performance and stability.
  • Elemental doping offers a promising strategy to achieve these modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of anion doping using lithium halide salts (LiBr, LiCl, LiF) on Ni-rich NMC811 cathode materials.
  • To understand how different halogen dopants influence the lithiation process, cathode morphology, and electrochemical properties.
  • To identify an effective doping strategy for enhancing the performance of Ni-rich NMC cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ni-rich NMC811 cathode materials doped with Br, Cl, or F via lithium halide salts during calcination.
  • Comprehensive characterization using electrochemical techniques (e.g., capacity retention, rate performance).
  • Surface and bulk analysis using various characterization methods to assess morphology, structure, and interface stability.

Main Results:

  • Anion doping with 5 mol % LiBr or LiCl significantly improved capacity retention and rate performance.
  • Doping led to increased specific surface area, formation of a stable cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) layer, and suppressed surface reconstruction.
  • Enhanced particle microstructure with increased critical crack lengths improved tolerance to cyclic volume changes.

Conclusions:

  • Anion doping using lithium halide salts is a facile and effective method for modifying Ni-rich NMC811 cathodes.
  • This approach successfully enhances electrochemical performance by improving structural integrity and interfacial stability.
  • The study demonstrates a viable pathway for developing advanced cathode materials for better energy storage.