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Bayesian Information Engine that Optimally Exploits Noisy Measurements.

Tushar K Saha1, Joseph N E Lucero1, Jannik Ehrich1

  • 1Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates an information engine using an optically trapped bead. Bayesian estimation improves energy extraction despite measurement noise, overcoming performance degradation and phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Information engines harness thermal fluctuations for work.
  • Real-world engines face performance limitations due to measurement noise and feedback errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and analyze an information engine based on an optically trapped bead.
  • To investigate the impact of measurement noise on engine performance and explore strategies to mitigate it.

Main Methods:

  • An optically trapped heavy bead in water was used as the information engine.
  • Feedback control was implemented based on the bead's position, with and without Bayesian estimation.
  • The signal-to-noise ratio of position measurements was varied to assess performance under different noise conditions.

Main Results:

  • The engine successfully increased the bead's gravitational potential energy by raising the trap center after upward thermal fluctuations.
  • Performance degraded with increasing measurement noise, leading to a phase transition below a critical signal-to-noise ratio where energy storage failed.
  • Bayesian estimation of the bead's position enabled energy extraction at all noise levels and maximized performance benefits at the critical signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental realization of an information engine is achieved.
  • Bayesian estimation is a robust strategy for improving information engine performance in the presence of measurement noise.
  • This approach overcomes critical noise thresholds and enhances energy extraction efficiency.