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CTRP family in diseases associated with inflammation and metabolism: molecular mechanisms and clinical implication
Huan Zhang1,2, Zi-Yin Zhang-Sun1,2, Cheng-Xu Xue1,2
1Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
Abstract:
C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs) is a newly discovered adipokine family with conservative structure and ubiquitous distribution and is secreted by adipose tissues. Recently, CTRPs have attracted increasing attention due to the its wide-ranging effects upon inflammation and metabolism. To-date, 15 members of CTRPs (CTRP1-15) with the characteristic C1q domain have been characterized. Earlier in-depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models of CTRPs deficiency have also unveiled ample function of CTRPs in inflammation and metabolism. This review focuses on the rise of CTRPs, with a special emphasis on the latest discoveries with regards to the effects of the CTRP family on inflammation and metabolism as well as related diseases. We first introduced the structure of characteristic domain and polymerization of CTRPs to reveal its pleiotropic biological functions. Next, intimate association of CTRP family with inflammation and metabolism, as well as the involvement of CTRPs as nodes in complex molecular networks, were elaborated. With expanding membership of CTRP family, the information presented here provides new perspectives for therapeutic strategies to improve inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities.
Insights
The C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs) are a newly discovered family of adipokines impacting inflammation and metabolism. This review highlights recent CTRP discoveries and their therapeutic potential for metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs) constitute a novel adipokine family secreted by adipose tissues.
- CTRPs possess a conserved structure, exhibit ubiquitous distribution, and play significant roles in regulating inflammation and metabolism.
- Fifteen CTRP members (CTRP1-15), characterized by a distinct C1q domain, have been identified, with prior studies in CTRP-deficient mouse models revealing their extensive functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the emerging field of CTRPs, focusing on recent advancements in their effects on inflammation and metabolism.
- To explore the association of CTRPs with various diseases and their role as key components in complex molecular networks.
- To provide updated insights into the therapeutic potential of CTRPs for inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of CTRP research, emphasizing recent discoveries.
- Analysis of CTRP structure, including characteristic domains and polymerization.
- Examination of phenotypic data from CTRP-deficient mouse models.
Main Results:
- CTRPs exhibit pleiotropic biological functions, influenced by their structural characteristics and polymerization.
- A strong correlation exists between the CTRP family and the regulation of inflammatory and metabolic processes.
- CTRPs function as critical nodes within intricate molecular signaling pathways.
Conclusions:
- The CTRP family plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation and metabolism.
- Understanding the expanding CTRP family offers novel therapeutic avenues for managing inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities.
- Further research into CTRPs holds promise for developing innovative treatment strategies.
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