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The regulatory role of long non- coding RNAs as a novel controller of immune response against cancer cells

Dina Mofed1, Jihad I Omran1, Salwa Sabet2

  • 1Molecular Biology and Virology lab, Biomedical Sciences Program, UST, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt.

Molecular Biology Reports
|October 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate immune cells and influence immunotherapy resistance in cancer. Understanding lncRNA expression is key to overcoming treatment challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment, but resistance remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of immune responses and inflammation.
  • lncRNAs play multifaceted roles in the tumor microenvironment, impacting immune cell function and cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of lncRNAs in modulating immune responses relevant to cancer immunotherapy.
  • To investigate how lncRNAs contribute to primary and secondary resistance to cancer immunotherapy.
  • To highlight the potential of immunological-related lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on lncRNAs and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which lncRNAs affect immune cell function and tumor immune evasion.
  • Examination of lncRNA involvement in cancer stem cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs regulate immune cell differentiation, activation, and function.
  • lncRNAs contribute to immunotherapy resistance via mechanisms like antigen presentation loss, PD-L1 upregulation, and altered T-cell activity.
  • lncRNAs influence the tumor microenvironment by affecting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • lncRNAs impact cancer stem cell interactions, potentially leading to immunotherapy resistance.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are crucial regulators of the immune response in cancer and significantly influence immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Targeting specific lncRNAs or modulating their expression may offer novel strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
  • Further research into immunological-related lncRNAs is warranted to develop more effective cancer treatments.
Keywords:
Immunotherapy resistanceImmunotherapy responseLncRNAscancer cellsmicroRNAs

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