Carbon nanotubes encapsulating FeS₂ micropolyhedrons as an anode electrocatalyst for improving the power generation...

The low power density originating from poor electroactive bacteria (EAB) adhesion and sluggish extracellular electron transfer (EET) at the anode interface, is a major impediment preventing the practical implementation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Tailoring the surface properties of anodes is an effective and powerful strategy for addressing this issue. In this study, we successfully fabricated an efficient anode electrocatalyst, consisting of carbon nanotubes encapsulating iron disulfide (FeS₂@CNT) micropolyhedrons, using simple hydrothermal and freeze-drying methods, which not only strengthened the anode interaction with EAB but also promoted the EET process at the anode interface. As expected, the MFCs with a FeS₂@CNT anode yielded an outstanding power density of 1914 mWm^-2 at a current density of 4350 mA m^-2, which significantly exceeded those of pure CNT (1096.2mW m^-2, 2703.3 mA m^-2) and carbon cloth (426.8mWm^-2, 965.6 mA m^-2) anodes. The high-power output can be attributed to the synergistic effect between FeS₂ and CNTs, endowing the anode with biocompatibility for biofilm adhesion and colonization, nutrient diffusion, and the presence of abundant Fe and S active sites for EET mediation. Owing to the low cost, facile fabrication process, and excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the redox reactions in biofilms, the synthesized FeS₂@CNT electrocatalyst is a promising material for high-performance and cost-effective MFCs with commercial applications.