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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Related Experiment Video

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Positive psychological constructs and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Georgia Bell1, Timothy Singham1, Rob Saunders2

  • 1Adapt Lab, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.

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Positive psychological constructs like meaning and purpose in life are linked to better cognitive function in older adults. These factors may support healthy cognitive aging and warrant further research.

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Cognitive functionMeta-analysisPositive psychologySystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Positive psychological constructs (PPCs) may influence cognitive function in aging adults.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for promoting healthy cognitive aging.

Approach:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases (inception to February 2022).
  • Included studies focused on adults aged 50+ without cognitive impairment, examining the link between PPCs and objective cognitive measures.
  • Meta-analysis was employed for outcomes with at least two reporting studies.

Key Points:

  • Meaning in life showed significant cross-sectional associations with verbal fluency and memory.
  • Purpose in life was linked to verbal fluency and memory.
  • Positive affect demonstrated associations with cognitive state and memory.
  • Life satisfaction and longitudinal positive affect-memory links were not significant.

Conclusions:

  • Meaning and purpose in life emerge as potential targets for interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive aging.
  • Further longitudinal and causal inference research is necessary to solidify these findings and inform clinical practice.