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Related Concept Videos

Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They coordinate both stages of photosynthesis — the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to release oxygen and produce chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions capture CO2 and use ATP and NADPH to produce sugar.
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Channel Rhodopsins01:11

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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Related Experiment Video

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Biocircuits in plants and eukaryotic algae.

Mayna da Silveira Gomide1,2, Matheus de Castro Leitão1, Cíntia Marques Coelho1

  • 1Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|October 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic biology utilizes biocircuits, which are engineered genetic circuits, to control biological functions. This review covers biocircuit progress, challenges, and future applications in synthetic chromosomes for enhanced plants and algae.

Keywords:
biocircuitseukaryotic algaeplantssynthetic biologysynthetic chromosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Biocircuits are fundamental to synthetic biology, enabling the assembly of genetic parts to sense signals and produce outputs.
  • Effective biocircuit design requires careful characterization and assembly of functional genetic components.
  • Transcriptional control systems and computational tools are crucial for predicting successful biocircuit behavior and achieving desired phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technological progress and foundational elements of biocircuit design.
  • To discuss the challenges associated with the delivery and stabilization of synthetic genetic structures.
  • To explore the potential of biocircuits in developing advanced synthetic chromosomes for plants and algae.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biocircuit technology and applications.
  • Analysis of mandatory elements for biocircuit construction, including part characterization and assembly.
  • Examination of transcriptional control systems and computational prediction tools.
  • Case study analysis of applications like golden crops, biosensors, and artificial photosynthesis.

Main Results:

  • Biocircuits offer a strategy for precise biological function interference by integrating genetic parts.
  • Challenges remain in the practical delivery and long-term stability of engineered biocircuits.
  • Existing applications demonstrate both the potential and limitations of current biocircuit technology.

Conclusions:

  • Biocircuits provide advanced gene regulation capabilities for complex synthetic biology designs.
  • The modulatory features of biocircuits can significantly contribute to the design of synthetic chromosomes.
  • Future applications include developing plants and algae with novel or enhanced functionalities through biocircuit integration.