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Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: August 28, 2018
An Unusual Case of Transient Cardiac Calcification Identified on Antenatal Echocardiography: A Generalized Arterial
Jananie Suntharesan1, Umber Agarwal2, Joyce Lim3
1Department of Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
Abstract:
Generalised arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is an ultra-rare life-threatening genetic disorder. Arterial calcification is identified during foetal ultrasound scan (USS) as increased cardiac and/or vascular echogenicity. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is the main inhibitor of arterial calcification. Pathogenic variants in ENPP1, ABCC6 and NT5E causing low PPi lead to ectopic calcifications. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an acquired condition that can also lead to arterial calcification in adults. We present an extremely rare case of a transient GACI-like condition identified during foetal echocardiogram of an infant born to a mother diagnosed with RA, which spontaneously resolved postnatally. This case highlights that foetal ultrasound scans of pregnant women with RA should be carefully evaluated for cardiovascular calcifications.
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