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Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Method for minimizing lens breathing with one moving group.

Jeremy Goodsell, Vladan Blahnik, Jannick P Rolland

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    |October 12, 2022
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a method to minimize lens breathing in movie cameras by adjusting a single lens group. This technique maintains perspective and significantly reduces unwanted field-of-view changes during focus, enhancing cinematic visual quality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Cinematography Technology

    Background:

    • Lens breathing, a change in scene content during focus, affects visual continuity in filmmaking.
    • Maintaining perspective invariance is crucial for professional cinematic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for minimizing lens breathing while maintaining perspective.
    • To achieve focus adjustments by moving only one lens group.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing paraxial optics to calculate the optimal position for a movable lens group.
    • Fixing the optical stop to maintain a constant entrance pupil position relative to object fields.
    • Investigating optical systems with two positive lens groups or a positive and negative group.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method effectively eliminates lens breathing between specified object distances.
    • Breathing was reduced by two orders of magnitude in tested retrofocus and telephoto systems.
    • Optical performance specifications were maintained after applying the breathing reduction method.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique successfully minimizes lens breathing without compromising optical performance.
    • This method offers a practical solution for enhancing visual fidelity in cinematic lenses.
    • Perspective invariance is achieved through strategic lens group movement and fixed stop placement.