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Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. III. Compensatory adjustments for initial errors.

J Gordon, C Ghez

    Experimental Brain Research
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Human force control uses a pulse height policy, adjusting the rate of force rise. Residual errors are corrected by internal feedback mechanisms, refining force trajectories.

    Area of Science:

    • Motor control
    • Human movement science
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Previous research established isometric force impulses are governed by pulse height control.
    • Peak force is modulated by the rate of force rise, with force rise time held constant.
    • Peak d2F/dt2, an early measure of force rise rate, predicts achieved peak force.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if residual variability in peak force, not explained by initial rate of force rise, is due to trajectory adjustments.
    • To test a statistical model incorporating preprogrammed control and error compensation.
    • To determine the role of internal monitoring in refining force trajectories.

    Main Methods:

    • Statistical modeling of force trajectory determinants.
    • Multiple regression analysis of force trajectory variables.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of electromyography (EMG) patterns for muscle activation timing.

    • Main Results:

    • Peak d2F/dt2 accounted for 70-96% of peak force variance in prior studies.
    • A significant independent influence of initial rate of force rise errors on peak force was found.
    • Compensatory adjustments accounted for 1-14% of total peak force variance, reducing errors.
    • Inappropriate initial scaling was compensated by adjusting force rise time via muscle activation modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Internal feedback processes, acting in parallel with programmed commands, refine force trajectories.
    • These internal adjustments occur too rapidly for peripheral feedback, suggesting reliance on internal monitoring of neural commands.
    • Both programmed commands and internal feedback jointly determine the final force trajectory.