Preconcentration and Separation of Gold Nanoparticles from Environmental Waters Using Extraction Techniques Followed...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Accurate quantification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in environmental samples is crucial but often relies on expensive, sophisticated analytical methods.
• Developing cost-effective and reliable alternatives is essential for broader environmental monitoring.
• Ultrathrace concentrations of AuNP pose significant analytical challenges in complex aqueous matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the analytical potential of cheaper methods for AuNP quantification in environmental waters.
• To demonstrate the effectiveness of combining established extraction techniques with common spectrometric methods.
• To challenge the reliance on high-cost analytical instrumentation for AuNP detection.

Main Methods:

• Cloud Point Extraction (CPE) coupled with ETAAS, ICP-MS, CL, and TXRF.
• Surfactant-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (SA-DLLME) with ETV-ICP-MS.
• Analysis of various water types including tap, river, lake, brook, mineral, and sea waters, and wastewaters.

Main Results:

• Successful quantification of AuNP in diverse aqueous matrices using combined extraction and spectrometry.
• Cloud Point Extraction demonstrated effectiveness for AuNP of varying sizes and coatings.
• Achieved limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.004 to 200 ng L⁻¹ with enrichment factors (EF) of 8–250.

Conclusions:

• Cost-effective methods like CPE and SA-DLLME coupled with common spectrometric techniques provide reliable alternatives for ultratrace AuNP quantification.
• These methods are suitable for analyzing complex environmental water samples.
• The study highlights the potential for accessible and accurate environmental nanoparticle monitoring.