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Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

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Super-Resolution Imaging Reveals Dynamic Reticular Cytoophidia.

Yi-Fan Fang¹, Yi-Lan Li¹, Xiao-Ming Li¹

¹School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|October 14, 2022

Summary

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthase (CTPS) forms dynamic, filamentous cytoophidia in human cells. These structures are reticular, suggesting they may compartmentalize cellular components.

Keywords:

CTP synthase cytoophidium fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)stimulated emission depletion (STED)

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biophysics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthase (CTPS) is an essential enzyme involved in nucleotide biosynthesis.
CTPS forms filamentous structures known as cytoophidia, observed across all domains of life.
The mesoscale organization and physical properties of cytoophidia remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mesoscale structure and dynamics of CTPS cytoophidia in human cells.
To characterize the physical properties of cytoophidia using advanced microscopy techniques.
To explore the potential functional implications of cytoophidia's reticular organization.

Main Methods:

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy to assess cytoophidia dynamics.
Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy for high-resolution imaging of cytoophidia structure.
Utilized an EGFP dimeric tag to probe the physical characteristics of CTPS filaments.

Main Results:

CTPS cytoophidia exhibit dynamic behavior within the cell.
The cytoophidia display a reticular, interconnected network structure.
Evidence suggests that the reticular network may facilitate the co-localization of other proteins, such as IMPDH.
Observed novel structures termed CTPS granules with associated 'tentacles'.

Conclusions:

CTPS cytoophidia are dynamic and possess a reticular architecture.
The mesoscale organization of CTPS cytoophidia likely plays a role in cellular compartmentalization and protein interactions.
Further research into CTPS granules and their functions is warranted.