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COVID-19 Related Myocarditis in Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Szymon Urban1, Michał Fułek2, Mikołaj Błaziak1

  • 1Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 14, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 can cause myocarditis, a heart inflammation affecting about 30% of patients and worsening their prognosis. Understanding COVID-19-related myocarditis is crucial for healthcare workers to manage this serious cardiac complication.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) poses significant health risks, particularly cardiac complications.
  • Cardiac injury affects approximately 30% of COVID-19 patients, correlating with poorer outcomes.
  • COVID-19-related myocarditis is a recognized manifestation of cardiac involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize current evidence on COVID-19-related myocarditis.
  • To consolidate knowledge on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of this specific cardiac complication.
  • To provide essential information for healthcare professionals managing patients with post-COVID-19 cardiac issues.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature analysis across five databases, including MEDLINE.
  • Backward snowballing technique employed to identify additional relevant studies.
  • Inclusion criteria: English full-text articles, COVID-19-related myocarditis diagnosed by ESC criteria, patients >18 years, myocarditis post-infection (not vaccination).

Main Results:

  • A total of 59 articles were included after screening 1588 papers from database searches and 1037 from snowballing.
  • Data synthesized included patient demographics, COVID-19 confirmation, symptoms, physical findings, laboratory and radiological results, treatments, and outcomes.
  • COVID-19-related myocarditis is linked to abrupt clinical deterioration.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19-related myocarditis represents a significant cardiac complication with potential for rapid worsening.
  • Comprehensive understanding of its clinical features is vital for timely diagnosis and effective patient management.
  • This review consolidates key data to aid healthcare workers in recognizing and treating this condition.

Keywords:
COVID-19cardiogenic shockcardiologymyocarditissystematic review

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