A Biodegradable Flexible Micro/Nano-Structured Porous Hemostatic Dental Sponge

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Surgery
• Hemostatic Agents

Background:

• Effective hemostasis is crucial in dental surgery to control bleeding.
• Existing hemostatic materials may have limitations in efficacy or biocompatibility.
• Biodegradable gelatin-based materials offer potential as advanced surgical aids.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a micro/nano-structured porous hemostatic gelatin-based sponge for dental applications.
• To assess the hemostatic efficacy and biocompatibility of the novel sponge.
• To compare the performance of the developed sponge against a commercial control in a clinical setting.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of the gelatin sponge using a freeze-drying method.
• In vitro evaluation of hemostatic effect, biocompatibility (HFFF2 cells, RBCs), and degradation profile.
• Clinical trial involving 10 patients undergoing tooth extraction, comparing the novel sponge with a commercial one.

Main Results:

• The sponge exhibited a porous micro/nano-structure, flexibility, and a two-week degradation period.
• In vitro tests showed significant blood absorption (35 times its weight), reduced blood clotting times (BCTs), and a lower blood clotting index (BCI).
• No toxic effects were observed on human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2) cells and red blood cells (RBCs).
• Clinical assessment revealed superior blood absorption capabilities of the developed sponge (p=0.0015).

Conclusions:

• The biodegradable gelatin-based sponge possesses excellent hemostatic properties and biocompatibility.
• Its micro/nano-structure and high absorption capacity make it suitable for dental surgery.
• The developed sponge is recommended for use in dental procedures due to its outstanding performance.