A Field Collection of Indigenous Grapevines as a Valuable Repository for Applied Research.

Area of Science:

• Agriculture
• Botany
• Genetics

Background:

• Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is economically significant, with extensive historical and cultural importance.
• Global viticulture faces declining grapevine diversity due to industry focus on major cultivars and threats to wild germplasm.
• Vitis germplasm conservation is vital for maintaining genetic resources, adapting to climate change, and ensuring sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To emphasize the importance of Vitis field bank collections for germplasm conservation.
• To showcase research on the Israeli indigenous Vitis vinifera collection.
• To identify drought-resistant grapevine varieties and understand their resistance mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Multi-layer analysis of grapevine varieties within an ex situ field collection.
• Phenological observation of foliage development to differentiate drought-resistant and sensitive varieties.
• Characterization of major grape traits, including bunch and berry morphology, and analysis of aromatic and phenolic profiles.

Main Results:

• Identification of specific drought-resistant Vitis vinifera varieties.
• Elucidation of potential drought resistance mechanisms linked to phenological differences.
• Comprehensive characterization of grape varieties, including physical traits and chemical profiles.

Conclusions:

• Vitis field bank collections are essential for preserving valuable grapevine genetic resources.
• The study successfully identified and characterized indigenous drought-resistant grapevines, offering insights for viticultural adaptation.
• Characterized profiles provide a basis for utilizing these varieties in breeding programs and addressing future agricultural challenges.