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Greater Adherence to Cardioprotective Diet Can Reduce Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Tian Fu1, Shuyu Ye1, Yuhao Sun2
1Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China.
Insights
A cardioprotective diet may lower the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Greater adherence to this diet was linked to a reduced incidence of IBD, suggesting a potential preventative dietary strategy.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The cardioprotective diet's anti-inflammatory effects are known for cardiometabolic diseases.
- The relationship between cardioprotective diets and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk remains under-explored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between adherence to a cardioprotective diet and the risk of developing IBD.
Main Methods:
- A cardioprotective diet score was calculated using food frequency questionnaire data from the UK Biobank.
- Incident IBD cases were identified through primary care, inpatient, and death registry data.
- Cox proportional hazard models analyzed the association between diet score and IBD risk.
Main Results:
- Over 12.1 years, 2717 incident IBD cases (851 Crohn's disease, 1866 ulcerative colitis) were recorded.
- Higher cardioprotective diet scores (3, 4, and 5-7) were associated with a significantly decreased risk of IBD compared to scores of 0-1.
- A significant inverse trend (p < 0.001) was observed between diet score and IBD risk.
Conclusions:
- Increased adherence to a cardioprotective diet is associated with a lower risk of developing IBD.
- Dietary modification towards a cardioprotective pattern may be a strategy for IBD prevention.
Abstract:
Background: The cardioprotective diet was reported to be associated with several chronic cardiometabolic diseases through an anti-inflammation effect. However, the association between the cardioprotective diet and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was unclear and deserved to be further explored. Methods: We calculated the cardioprotective diet score based on the consumptions of seven common food groups using the validated food frequency questionnaire data in the UK Biobank. Incident IBD was ascertained from primary care data, inpatient data, and the death registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between the cardioprotective diet score and the risk of IBD. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, we documented 2717 incident IBD cases, including 851 cases of Crohn’s disease and 1866 cases of ulcerative colitis. Compared to participants with a cardioprotective diet score of 0−1, we observed a decreased risk of IBD among participants with cardioprotective diet scores of 3 (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73−0.99), 4 (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72−0.98), and 5−7 (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66−0.89) (p-trend < 0.001). Conclusions: A greater adherence to the cardioprotective diet was associated with a lower risk of IBD. Our finding highlighted the importance of focusing on the cardioprotective diet to prevent IBD.
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