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Indirect Monitoring of Frequencies of a Multiple Span Bridge Using Data Collected from an Instrumented Train: A Field

Abdollah Malekjafarian1, Muhammad Arslan Khan1, Eugene J OBrien2

  • 1Structural Dynamics and Assessment Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.

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Summary

This study used an indirect method, analyzing train vibrations to monitor bridge natural frequencies. The technique successfully identified stiffer, replaced spans on the Malahide viaduct, confirming its effectiveness for multi-span bridge assessment.

Keywords:
bridge monitoringdrive-byindirectmulti span bridgenatural frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Structural Health Monitoring
  • Vibrational Analysis

Background:

  • Malahide viaduct features simply supported spans, with two replaced in 2009 due to collapse.
  • Replaced spans exhibit increased stiffness, leading to higher natural frequencies compared to original spans.
  • Effective monitoring of multi-span bridges is crucial for structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the natural frequencies of Malahide viaduct using an indirect, "drive-by" monitoring approach.
  • To validate the indirect method by comparing its results with direct measurements.
  • To demonstrate the capability of identifying stiffer spans within a multi-span structure.

Main Methods:

  • An indirect approach utilizing acceleration responses from an instrumented train.
  • Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)-based Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) to analyze instantaneous frequencies (IFs).
  • Direct measurements using accelerometers on each span for validation.

Main Results:

  • The indirect method accurately estimated natural frequencies for each span.
  • Higher natural frequencies were correctly identified for the stiffer, replaced spans.
  • Direct and indirect measurement results showed strong agreement, confirming the indirect approach's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The indirect "drive-by" monitoring approach is a feasible and effective method for assessing multi-span bridge natural frequencies.
  • The EEMD-HHT technique reliably identifies modal properties and localized stiffness variations.
  • This method offers a robust solution for continuous structural health monitoring of bridges.