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    This study introduces a novel active metasurface for dynamic electromagnetic field control in the microwave range. It enables tunable transmission amplitude and phase coding for diverse applications like energy harvesting and wireless communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
    • Electromagnetics and Microwave Engineering
    • Applied Physics

    Background:

    • Metasurfaces offer advanced control over electromagnetic waves.
    • Dynamic control of transmitted fields requires sophisticated unit cell designs.
    • Integrating amplitude and phase modulation presents a significant challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an active metasurface capable of dynamic electromagnetic field manipulation.
    • To achieve independent control over both transmission amplitude and phase.
    • To explore applications in radio frequency energy harvesting and wireless communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of continuous transmission amplitude modulation using PIN diodes with binary phase coding.
    • Optimization of the phase coding matrix using a genetic algorithm.
    • Design of a bias network for polarization stability.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated dynamic control of transmitted electromagnetic fields in the microwave regime.
    • Achieved continuous tuning of transmission amplitude and predesigned phase coding.
    • Transmitted field patterns varied from directional transmission to diffusion-like radiation.
    • Verified concept through analytical modeling, numerical simulations, and experimental validation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed active metasurface provides two degrees of freedom for electromagnetic wave control.
    • The design is low-profile and offers diverse functionalities.
    • Potential applications include radio frequency energy harvesting and advanced wireless communication systems.