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In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Fulminant Course of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Followed by Serial MRI: A Case Report

Ji Young Lee, Kyung Mi Lee, Eung Koo Yeon

    Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi
    |October 14, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), a rare influenza complication, involves brain lesions likely caused by a cytokine storm. Serial MRI studies in a child revealed key pathological changes, suggesting early immunotherapy can mitigate ANE brain damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pediatrics
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare, severe neurological disorder often linked to influenza infections.
    • Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, with the 'cytokine storm' hypothesis suggesting blood-brain barrier disruption.

    Observation:

    • A case study of a 10-year-old boy with fulminant ANE is presented.
    • Serial MRI scans, including diffusion-weighted and susceptibility-weighted imaging, were utilized to track disease progression.
    • Longitudinal imaging changes correlated with underlying pathophysiological events.

    Findings:

    • The study visually demonstrates the evolution of ANE brain lesions through serial MRI.
    • Key imaging findings provide insights into the mechanisms of ANE development.
    • Thalamic involvement is a consistent feature in ANE.

    Implications:

    • This case clarifies the pathogenesis of ANE brain lesions via detailed serial imaging.
    • Early immunomodulatory therapy is suggested as a potential strategy to reduce neurological damage in ANE patients.
    • Highlights the utility of advanced MRI techniques in understanding rare pediatric neurological conditions.
    Keywords:
    Infectious EncephalitisMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingViral Encephalitis

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