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Glucocorticoids in preterm human milk.

Mariana Muelbert1, Tanith Alexander1,2, Mark H Vickers1

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|October 14, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glucocorticoids in human milk (HM) vary with maternal factors like antenatal corticosteroids, stress, and obesity, and infant characteristics. The mammary gland may convert cortisol to cortisone, potentially protecting the infant.

Keywords:
antenatal corticosteroidsbreastmilkcortisolcortisonelactationlate pretermmoderate pretermnutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neonatal Nutrition
  • Human Milk Composition

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids (GCs) like cortisol and cortisone are vital for physiological regulation.
  • Human milk (HM) contains GCs, but factors influencing their concentration post-preterm birth are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate maternal and infant factors associated with Glucocorticoid concentrations in human milk (HM) of preterm infants.
  • To explore the relationship between antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) and HM GC levels.

Main Methods:

  • Human milk samples collected from mothers of moderate- and late-preterm infants at specified time points.
  • Quantification of GCs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Statistical analysis including Spearman correlations and linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • Cortisol concentrations in HM increased with lactation duration.
  • Antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) were associated with lower HM GC levels.
  • Maternal stress, postpartum depression, and obesity were linked to altered HM GC concentrations.
  • Infant gestational age, head circumference, fat-free mass, and fat mass showed correlations with HM GCs.

Conclusions:

  • The mammary gland may convert cortisol to cortisone, potentially offering infant protection.
  • Maternal and infant characteristics significantly influence HM GC concentrations.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term health implications of HM GCs.