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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

Bacterial Protein Maturation

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Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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Translational Regulation01:29

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Transformation01:26

Transformation

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Fecal micro RNA Isolation
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An emerging field: Post-translational modification in microbiome.

Haonan Duan1,2, Xu Zhang3, Daniel Figeys1,2

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Proteomics
|October 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial post-translational modifications (PTMs) differ from human PTMs and are crucial for microbiome function. Understanding these bacterial PTMs offers insights into microbe interactions and human health.

Keywords:
bioinformaticscell biologymetaproteomicsmicrobiologymicrobiomepost-translational modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are vital for biological processes, with extensive research on human proteins.
  • Studies on bacterial PTMs are increasing, revealing unique types, mechanisms, and functions compared to human PTMs.
  • PTM research in the microbiome remains limited, despite its significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studied bacterial PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, succinylation, glycosylation, and proteases.
  • To discuss enzymes responsible for these PTMs and their specific functions.
  • To summarize current methodologies for studying microbiome PTMs and their roles in microbial interactions and host-environment dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bacterial post-translational modifications.
  • Analysis of enzymes involved in bacterial PTMs.
  • Summary of techniques for microbiome PTM investigation.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial PTMs exhibit distinct characteristics from human PTMs.
  • PTMs influence microbe-microbe interactions and host-microbiome relationships.
  • Current methods, though evolving, enable deeper understanding of microbiome functional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial PTMs are critical regulators within the microbiome.
  • Advancements in PTM study technologies are enhancing our comprehension of microbiome functions.
  • Further large-scale microbiome-wide PTM studies are essential for understanding the microbiome's role in human diseases.